Michigan Electricity Emission Factor 2023

EPA eGRID2023 Rev2 · 3 eGRID subregions · Very Dirty

Michigan's electricity grid has a CO₂e emission factor of 1099.0 lb/MWh (0.4985 kg/kWh) - 43% dirtier than the US average. The grid is 25% carbon-free and 12% renewable. These are the official EPA eGRID2023 values used for GHG Protocol Scope 2 location-based emissions reporting.

1099.0

lb CO₂e / MWh

0.4985

kg CO₂e / kWh

25%

Carbon-free

12%

Renewable

eGRID Subregions in Michigan

Michigan spans 3 eGRID subregions. Use the ZIP-level API to get the exact factor for each facility.

Subregion	Name	lb CO₂e/MWh	kg/kWh	Carbon-free	Rating
RFCW	RFC West	916.054	0.4155	36.04%	Dirty
MROE	MRO East	1404.963	0.6373	17.28%	Very Dirty
RFCM	RFC Michigan	975.978	0.4427	21.32%	Dirty

Generation Mix

Solar0.8%

Wind5.5%

Nuclear28.4%

Hydro1.0%

Natural Gas37.8%

Coal25.0%

Other Fossil0.7%

Generation mix shown for RFCW (primary subregion). See subregion pages for full breakdowns.

Electricity cost in Michigan

Latest monthly state-level average rate (EIA Form 861, 2026-04):

Sector	$/kWh
Residential	$0.2139
Commercial	$0.1555
Industrial	$0.0895
All sectors	$0.1532

State-level averages, not utility-specific tariffs. For exact pricing, check your utility's published rate schedule.

24-hour grid carbon profile

Average hourly CO₂e intensity across the last 7 days from Midcontinent ISO (MI's balancing authority). Red = dirtiest, green = cleanest. Data: EIA-930 (~24h lag).

Hours in local standard time. Swing: 1.22× between cleanest (12:00 local) and dirtiest (22:00 local).

Read full guide on hourly grid carbon intensity →

Derived metrics for Michigan

Carbon cost of electricity: $483 per tonne CO₂e (residential rate ÷ grid intensity)
Annual per-capita CO₂e from electricity: 4,538 kg/yr (10.3k kWh × grid factor)
10,000 mi/yr EV emissions: 1328 kg CO₂e (at 0.30 kWh/mi)
Same miles in gas car: ~4,000 kg CO₂e (400 g/mi baseline)
EV vs gas savings: 67% cleaner
Grid trend 2018-2023: -26.1% (cleaner)

kWh to CO₂ Calculator - Michigan

Enter electricity consumption (kWh):

Using Michigan average: 1099.0 lb CO₂e/MWh = 0.4985 kg/kWh. Source: EPA eGRID2023.

How to Use Michigan's Emission Factor for Scope 2 Reporting

For GHG Protocol Scope 2 location-based emissions reporting, multiply each facility's electricity consumption by the emission factor for its ZIP code's eGRID subregion. Facilities in different parts of Michigan may be in different subregions - use the API to get the exact factor by ZIP code.

curl "https://emission-factors.com/api/lookup?zip=YOUR_ZIP"

Compare with Other States

Illinois

1030 lb/MWh

Indiana

916 lb/MWh

Kentucky

910 lb/MWh

Maryland

788 lb/MWh

Missouri

990 lb/MWh

North Dakota

1166 lb/MWh

Michigan

1099 lb/MWh

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Michigan's electricity emission factor?

Michigan's EPA eGRID2023 electricity emission factor is 1099.0 lb CO₂e per MWh (0.4985 kg per kWh). This is 43% dirtier than the US national average.

How do I calculate Scope 2 emissions for a Michigan facility?

Multiply the facility's annual kWh consumption by 0.4985 to get kg CO₂e. Divide by 1,000 for metric tonnes. For facilities spanning multiple Michigan subregions, use the emission factors API to get the exact factor by ZIP code.

How clean is Michigan's electricity grid?

Michigan's grid is 25% carbon-free and 12% renewable. At 1099 lb CO₂e/MWh, it is 43% dirtier than the US average of 770.9 lb/MWh.

Get exact emission factors by ZIP code

33,616 ZIP codes · All 27 eGRID subregions · CO₂e, NOx, SO₂, generation mix

Read the API docs · Scope 2 calculation guide