RFCM eGRID Subregion - RFC Michigan Emission Factor (2023)

EPA eGRID2023 Rev2 · States: MI · Dirty

RFCM (RFC Michigan) covers ZIP codes in MI (100%), by share of its ZIP codes. Its largest generation sources in 2023 were gas 50%, coal 26%, nuclear 10%. This page gives the official EPA eGRID2023 emission factors for RFCM, used for GHG Protocol Scope 2 location-based reporting.

Emission Factors

975.978

lb CO₂e / MWh

0.4427

kg CO₂e / kWh

21.38%

Carbon-free

11.17%

Renewable

The RFCM subregion is 27% dirtier than the US average (770.9 lb CO₂e/MWh).

All Pollutants

Pollutant	lb / MWh	kg / kWh	Scope
CO₂e (total GHG)	975.978	0.4427	Scope 2
CO₂	970.617	0.4403	Scope 2
CH₄ (methane)	0.082	0.00003719	Scope 2
N₂O (nitrous oxide)	0.012	0.00000544	Scope 2
NO_x	0.519	0.00023541	Air quality
SO₂	0.564	0.00025583	Air quality
CO₂ non-baseload	1508.125	0.6841	Avoided-emissions estimates (not Scope 2)

Generation Mix

Solar1.3%

Wind8.8%

Nuclear10.2%

Natural Gas49.8%

Coal25.7%

Biomass1.5%

Oil1.5%

Other Fossil1.6%

kWh to CO₂ Calculator

Enter electricity consumption (kWh):

Using RFCM emission factor: 975.978 lb CO₂e/MWh = 0.4427 kg/kWh. Source: EPA eGRID2023.

Data Source & Methodology

These emission factors are from EPA eGRID2023 Rev2 (released June 2025), the official US government source for grid electricity emission rates. eGRID uses annual net generation and emissions data from all US power plants to calculate subregion-level output emission rates.

For GHG Protocol Scope 2 reporting, use the CO₂e total output emission rate: 975.978 lb/MWh or 0.4427 kg/kWh.

Get This Data via API

Query RFCM emission factors by ZIP code:

curl "https://emission-factors.com/api/lookup?zip=YOUR_ZIP"

Read the API docs - free, no key, no signup.

Subregions Serving the Same States

MROE - MRO East RFCW - RFC West

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the RFCM emission factor for Scope 2 reporting?

The RFCM eGRID2023 Scope 2 location-based emission factor is 975.978 lb CO₂e per MWh (0.4427 kg CO₂e per kWh). This is the value to use in GHG Protocol location-based Scope 2 calculations for facilities in the RFC Michigan subregion.

Which states are in the RFCM subregion?

RFCM (RFC Michigan) covers ZIP codes in MI (100%), by share of its ZIP codes. Its largest generation sources in 2023 were gas 50%, coal 26%, nuclear 10%.

How do I convert kWh to kg CO₂e for RFCM?

Multiply kWh by 0.4427. Example: 50,000 kWh × 0.4427 = 22135 kg CO₂e (22.14 tonnes).

Query any US ZIP code via API

33,700+ ZIP codes · All 27 eGRID subregions · EPA eGRID2023 + eGRID2024 (Cornerstone)

Read the API docs · Scope 2 guide